Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in secondlanguage acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by secondlanguage writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them connor 1996. This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any previously staked ground. Home university of southern california dissertations and theses a study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english, japanese, and spanish page 1 reference url save to favorites remove from favorites. Kaplan in connor, 1996 reasserted that contrastive rhetoric was not meant as. The education of composition teachers, tutors, and researchers about culturally influenced rhetorical differences in writing, or contrastive. Subsequent research has demonstrated these flaws leki, 1991. The theory of contrastive rhetoric was first introduced by kaplan 1966 as a solution to the challenges learners experience in the organisational structures of a second language, also known as l2. Contrastive rhetoric isbn 9780521441452 pdf epub ebookmall. Cambridge university press 9780521446884 contrastive.
Implications for the current teaching of english writing at universities in japan ferred patterns of writing are genre dependent. Four chapters provide ethnographies and observations about contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of efl and esl. Metadiscourse is a popular concept among linguists and educators. Initiated almost thirty years ago by the american applied linguist robert kaplan, contrastive rhetoric maintains that language and writing are. A study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english. Toward critical contrastive rhetoric sciencedirect. Contrastive rhetoric and its recent studies semantic scholar. Contrastive rhetoric revisited and redefined sets out to expand the possible uses of contrastive rhetoric.
Finally, previous contrastive studies on media discourse are described with reference to the present study. Paper presented at the british educational research association annual conference, university of warwick, 69 september 2006. Pdf on dec 23, 2008, will baker and others published contrastive rhetoric. Defenders of contrastive rhetoric theory such as leki 1991 pointes to the fact that even though writing instructors who teach esl students might not have a background in the rhetoric of. The field of contrastive rhetoric, founded by robert kaplan in the 1960s, emphasizes kaplans belief that ell students development of ideas in writing is systematically different from the patterns that appear to be natural in english. The book presents a comprehensive set of empirical investigations involving a number of first languages. Then in light of that discussion, it offers a fourstep, receptive and productive exercise to engage students in contrastive analysis of cohesive features across languages and. New directions in contrastive rhetoric abstract contrastive rhetoric examines differences and similarities in writing across cultures. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer. Arabic rhetoric download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi.
A traditional approach to contrastive rhetoric has emphasized cultural difference in rhetorical patterns among various languages. Framing this critique within a discourse view of language, culture and communication, this paper points to the need to go. This study explores various features of metadiscourse and contrastive rhetoric in a small corpus of academic writing of pakistani learners at tertiary levels. Researchers who do contrastive rhetorical studies are interested in how writers cultural backgrounds influence how they organize their writing, what they choose. The second limitation of kaplans work concerns its reductionist approach to l1 rhetoric. From a contrastive rhetoric perspective a dissertation submitted to the school of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the. New directions in contrastive rhetoric connor 2002. Although mainly concerned in its first thirty years with student essay writing, the field of study today contributes to knowledge about preferred patterns of writing in many englishforspecificpurposes situations. Directions in contrastive rhetoric research university of reading. This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any.
Edited by ulla connor, ed nagelhout, and william rozycki find, read and cite. Contrastive rhetoric pdf adobe drm can be read on any device that can open pdf adobe drm files. In applied linguistic circles, there has been a major reappraisal of the theory of linguistic relativity in the last few decades, a renaissance in contrastive analysis research, especially at the level of discourse, and a gradual merging of the fields of text linguistics and discourse analysis. Arabic and english persuasive writing of arabs from a contrastive rhetoric. Crosscultural aspects of secondlanguage writing ulla connor. This volume explores the field of contrastive rhetoric, the study of how a persons first language and culture influence his or her writing in a second, isbn 9780521441452. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of contrastive rhetoric. Crosscultural aspects of secondlanguage writing ulla connor frontmatter more information. Kaplan in connor, 1996 reasserted that contrastive rhetoric was not meant as a teaching. Admittedly, the earliest work in contrastive rhetoric was significantly flawed, attempting to compare student writing in l2 with professional writing in ll, ignoring differences in genre, and assuming that there was a single general textlogical structure for english. Despite its laudable pedagogical intentions to raise teachers and students cultural and rhetorical awareness in second language writing, traditional contrastive rhetoric has perpetuated static binaries between english and other languages and viewed. Writing instruction, contrastive rhetoric, transfer. The final part of the book proposes an extension of the theoretical framework to cover contrastive rhetoric. The theories include those of applied linguistics, linguistic relativity, rhetoric, text linguistics, discourse types and genres, literacy, and translation.
Current state of contrastive rhetoric, ii, contrastive corpus studies in. Rhetorical conventions like organization and the perceived role of the audience are important considerations and differ across cultures. Drawing on contrastive rhetoricthe study of how rhetorical expectations and conventions differ among culturestheorists such as patricia. The aforementioned researchers defined five features of contrastive rhetoric english paired with eastasian style appearing first that warrant consideration and may be used as a baseline for contrastive rhetoric research and classroom application in eastasia. Contrastive rhetoric and the linguistic relativity hypothesis. The contrastive study of japanese and english discourse structures may be divided into two major areas of inquiry. Cambridge core elt applied linguistics contrastive rhetoric by ulla m. Contrastive rhetoric in world englishes english today. Initiated almost thirty years ago by the american applied linguist robert kaplan, contrastive rhetoric maintains that.
It starts out with the familiar and then keeps pushing the reader into going further into understanding what possible uses there are for this type of exploration. Eslefl students writing and professional writing e. Evidence from the english expository writings of chinese efl learners and their teachers writing instruction. Kaplan makes assumptions about l1 rhetorical patterns based entirely on. View contrastive rhetoric research papers on academia. Contrast disambiguation this disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title contrastive. Although mainly concerned with student essay writing in its first 30 years, the area of study today contributes to knowledge about preferred patterns of writing in many english for specific purposes situations. This paper is critically concerned with the recent attempts in contrastive rhetoric cr to interpret the linguistic and rhetorical differences found in the academic discourses produced by anglophone and nonanglophone academic and research writers. Academic writing involves more than using correct grammar. Kaplan, with regard to language, the theory that diverse languages contain varying rhetorical traits, suc.
Edited by ulla connor, ed nagelhout, and william rozycki. Contrastive rhetoric contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and culture influence hisher writing in a second language. The term was first coined by the american applied linguist robert kaplan in 1966 to denote eclecticism and subsequent growth of collective knowledge in certain languages. This paper examines the brief history of studies of contrastive rhetoric in eslefl writing and the implications of these findingsresults for the current teaching of. Qualifying claims about contrastive rhetoric carol severino joe essid assumes no responsibility for any hilarious, bawdy, or surreal errors introduced when this document was scanned. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural. The first of these areas concerns grammatical studies which examine cohesive ties, word order constraints, and sociolinguistic variations hinds 1982b, kuno 1978, makino 1978a. This volume explores the field of contrastive rhetoric, the study of how a persons first language and culture influence his or her writing in a second language. In terms of research methodologies, contrastive rhetoric studies have drawn. Lastly, the findings suggest that engaging students in exercises of contrastive rhetoric can assist and empower them in their writing practices. It offers a new understanding of arabic rhetoric and employs examples from modern standard arabic as well as providing a glossary of. The approach is illustrated with four sample studies covering different kinds of phenomena in some european languages.
Contrastive rhetoric and the analysis of written discourse across cultures book summary. Then in light of that discussion, it offers a fourstep, receptive and productive exercise to engage students in contrastive analysis of cohesive features across. Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. However, the contribution of contrastive rhetoric to the teaching of esl writing. Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in second language acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by second language writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them. This article attempts to use linguistics, specifically text analysis and pragmatics, to help explain how and why lawyers who are nonnative speakers of english nns struggle with cohesion in their u. Chapter 2 contrastive rhetoric and studies of chinese and english. Liebman, 1992 call old con trastive rhetoric, while failing to evolve with the subsequent development of new contrastive rhetoric research. Contrastive rhetoric began in 1966 as the result of a selfinitiated study of international students writing in english by kaplan, who then made the pronouncement that each language and each culture has a paragraph order unique to itself, and that part of the learning of a particular language is the mastery of its logical system kaplan, 1966. The most influential specialist on cr together with robert b. Contrastive functional analysis andrew chesterman download.
Cambridge university press writing ulla connor frontmatter. Pdf contrastive rhetoric download read online free. Cambridge university press 9780521446884 contrastive rhetoric. Contrastive rhetoric examines differences and similarities in writing across cultures. It helps to understand how writers structure their texts in order to facilitate the understanding of the text successfully. Contrastive rhetoric could also prompt students to think more critically, which would further assist them in writing process. Through the analysis of errors commonly seen in writings produced by speakers of different languages. Cultural differences in writing have been studied extensively within the field of contrastive rhetoric cr since kaplans, 1966 study see connor, 1996, connor, 2002, connor, 2003 for overviews. Introduction contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in secondlanguage acquisition that identifies problems in composition encountered by secondlanguage writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to.
Arabic rhetoric explores the history, disciplines, order and pragmatic functions of arabic speech acts. The term was first coined by the american applied linguist robert kaplan in 1966 to denote eclecticism and subsequent growth of collective knowledge in. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural anthropology, translation studies, and text linguistics. Contrastive rhetoric can help english teachers of native japanese speaking students to better understand cultural and first language influences which affect.
The diagrams, with their implications in regard to patterns of written discourse, readily place contrastive rhetoric into the current traditional approach to teaching esl writing silva, 1990, but contrastive rhetoric has not found much favor with those. Nov, 2012 contrastive rhetoric contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and culture influence hisher writing in a second language. Kaplan makes assumptions about l1 rhetorical patterns based entirely on his examination of. Contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of composition. Eric ej730660 toward critical contrastive rhetoric. Pdf directions in contrastive rhetoric research researchgate. The focus are the role of first language conventions of discourse and rhetoric structure on second language usage, as well as cognitive and cultural dimensions of transfer, particularly in. Language and rhetoric reflect culture, and this video discusses argumentation strategies from around the world. Pdf on dec 23, 2008, will baker and others published contrastive. Contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and his or her culture influence writing in a second language or how a common language is used among different cultures. Contrastive rhetoric has been growing since 1966 and nobody had taken care of setting down its theoretical foundations and its reserch methodology until ulla connor has done it. The early contrastive rhetoricbased pedagogy, however, uncritically accepted what some researchers e.
356 1088 789 511 364 1546 715 977 145 92 1182 190 1209 186 49 1388 1377 437 570 945 448 1258 562 1345 1327 1113 387 1266 499 1134 1364 242 391